Cement manufacturing is one of the most energy-intensive sectors, next to iron and steel, and chemicals, consuming approximately 12 EJ globally, which is about 3% of global energy consumption (Source: IEA, 2023). The cement sector also accounts for 7-8% of global GHG emissions, emitting roughly 2.6-2.8 GtCO2 annually. The largest sources of emissions are the calcination process to produce clinker and the fuel combustion to generate the high temperatures required in kilns. The chemical process of calcination accounts for 53% of the total emissions of cement production, while the thermal energy use contributes to 35% (Source McKinsey 2020).