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Is RDF co-processing in the cement industry a sensible option for developing countries?
Cement manufacturing is one of the most energy-intensive sectors, next to iron and steel, and chemicals, consuming approximately 12 EJ globally, which is about 3% of global energy consumption (Source: IEA, 2023). The cement sector also accounts for 7-8% of global GHG emissions, emitting roughly 2.6-2.8 GtCO2 annually. The largest sources of emissions are the…
Integrating municipal solid waste management in urban resilience programmes
Municipal solid waste management as an urban subsystem The concept of urban resilience has evolved from a narrow engineering definition of “bouncing back” to a sophisticated, multi-dimensional framework that encompasses the ability of a city to survive, adapt, and grow amidst the chronic stresses and acute shocks of the twenty-first century. At the core of…
The role of utilities in fostering urban circularity
The environmental impact of cities Today, 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 68% by 2050. Projections show that urbanization – the gradual shift in residence of the human population from rural to urban areas, combined with the overall growth of the world’s population -…